The Modern Prometheus is the novel's subtitle (though modern editions now drop it, only mentioning it in introduction).[56] Prometheus, in versions of Greek mythology, was the Titan who created humans in the image of the gods so that they could have a spirit breathed into them at the behest of Zeus.[57] Prometheus then taught humans to hunt, but after he tricked Zeus into accepting "poor-quality offerings" from humans, Zeus kept fire from humankind. Prometheus took back the fire from Zeus to give to humanity. When Zeus discovered this, he sentenced Prometheus to be eternally punished by fixing him to a rock of Caucasus, where each day an eagle pecked out his liver, only for the liver to regrow the next day because of his immortality as a god.
Shelley completed her writing in April/May 1817, and Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus was published on 1 January 1818[61] by the small London publishing house Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones.[62][63] It was issued anonymously, with a preface written for Mary by Percy Bysshe Shelley and with a dedication to philosopher William Godwin, her father. It was published in an edition of just 500 copies in three volumes, the standard "triple-decker" format for 19th-century first editions.
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On 31 October 1831, the first "popular" edition in one volume appeared, published by Henry Colburn & Richard Bentley.[65] This edition was heavily revised by Mary Shelley, partially to make the story less radical. It included a lengthy new preface by the author, presenting a somewhat embellished version of the genesis of the story. This edition is the one most widely published and read now, although a few editions follow the 1818 text.[66] Some scholars prefer the original version, arguing that it preserves the spirit of Mary Shelley's vision (see Anne K. Mellor's "Choosing a Text of Frankenstein to Teach" in the W. W. Norton Critical edition).
HUMANITIES 255 coherent, book-length argument, The Dialogic Keats is an enjoyable and suggestive book. (ALAN BEWELL) Mary Shelley. Valperga: Or, The Life and Adventures of Castruccio, Prince ofLucca. Edited by Tilottama Rajan Broadview Press. 496. $17.95 Valperga, originally published in 1823, is one of the lesser-known works of the famed author of Frankenstein. It was not available in modern editions until its appearance in volume 3 of The Novels and Selected Works ofMan) Shelley edited by Nora Crook in 1996. Though scholarly and well edited, the Pickering and Chatto version of the novel is still relatively inaccessible because of its expensive price. This paperback Broadview edition, with its intelligently framed introduction, chronology, bibliography, and appendixes , is therefore a welcome additionnot only to Mary Shelley scholarship but to the canon of British Romantic literature. A historical romance based on the life of Castruccio Castracani of the family of the Antelminelli of Lucca (1281 or 1284-1330), Valperga is the product of Shelley'S research of some 'fifty old books,' according to her husband, Percy. A large part of the novel thus consists of third-person and not so compelling accounts of Castruccio's upbringing and the micropolitics of the conflict between the Guelphs and the Ghibelines. As Tilottama Rajan explains, 'the historical trajectory against which Valperga is set ... moves from the local power of bishops and then communes, through the signoria and the Renaissance despots, to a nation-state ... Italy was a country for which Romantic writers ... could still imagine political forms quite different from the hegemonic paradigm of the nation-state.' Her introduction discusses the novel in the context of Shelley's life and literary achievements, Godwin's, Wollstonecraft's, and Leibniz's philosophy, as well as Italian history. Rajan argues that 'as a historical romance Valperga provides a trenchant critique of the male values of nationalism and conquest in Scott'5 Waverley.' A rethinking of Mathilda, Valperga is also Shelley's'attempt to turn radical negativity in a more creative direction, by making grief (re)generative, ... which calls feelings otherwise dormant into action.' Rajan's armotations are useful. They not only contain factual references but often also make intertextuallinks between the novel and works by Percy Shelley and other Romantic authors. They point to various works which influenced Mary Shelley, such as Machiavelli's The Prince Sismondi's Histoire des republiques italiennes du moyen age, and Lodovico Muratori's Disertazione sopra Ie Antichita Italiane. Extracts from some of these works, from Godwin's 'Of History and Romance,' and contemporary reviews of the novel are .included in the appendixes. 256 LETTERS IN CANADA 1998 The most interesting sections of the novel are not those that concern Castruccio's exploits, which are based on historical accounts, but those that deal with the two female characters whom Shelley invents and inserts into the tale. Rajan calls this technique 'a mixture of the true and the counterfactual .' Like Sophia Lee, Virginia Woolf, and other womenwriters, Shelley imagines the lives of women who might have lived in history and 'constructs a lost female genealogy' by romantic invention. For Rajan, the I double legacy ofWollstonecraftor the discrepancybetweenwomen's creative potential and their biological fate is played out in Valperga through Euthanasia and Beatrice.' Euthanasia is an unusual character in Shelley's oeuvre because she is an independent woman, a respected sovereign, and remains unconstrained by men and marriage until the end. Beatrice plays out the more traditional conflict between power and sexuality. Her 'loss of access to imagination and language are caused by her awakening into sexuality.' One contemporary review of the novel sums up this reader's reaction to Valperga: 'We must confess, that in much of what we looked for, we have been disappointed; but yet, ... we do not hesitate to say, that if we have not met with what we expected, we have met with other things almost as good.' (ELEANOR TY) Catharine Parr Traili. The Backwoods ofCanada. Edited by Michael Peterman Carleton University Press 1997. lxxii, 336. $27.95 The eleventh volume in the series of scholarly editions of early Canadian prose classics issued by CEECT (the Centre for Editing Early Canadian Texts under the direction of Mary...
The most comprehensive collection available in paperback of Bacon's philosophical and scientific writings, this volume offers Bacon's major works in their entirety, or in substantive selections, revised from the classic 19th century editions of Spedding, Ellis, and Heath. Selections from some of Bacon's natural histories round out this edition by showing the types of compilations that he believed would most contribute to the third part of his Great Instauration.Each work has a separate brief introduction indicating the major themes developed. In her general Introduction, Sargent gives a biographical sketch of Bacon's early life, education, and legal career, discusses the major components of his philosophical project, and traces his influence on subsequent natural philosophy. In addition, she looks at the primarily negative evaluations of Bacon's methodological writings by philosophers of science in the first half of the twentieth century, the reassessments of his works that took place as the influence of logical empiricism declined, and the current revival of interest in Bacon that coincides with the focus on experimental practice today.
Nominated as one of America's best-loved novels by PBS's The Great American ReadEdith Grossman's definitive English translation of the Spanish masterpiece, in an expanded P.S. editionWidely regarded as one of the funniest and most tragic books ever written, Don Quixote chronicles the adventures of the self-created knight-errant Don Quixote of La Mancha and his faithful squire, Sancho Panza, as they travel through sixteenth-century Spain. You haven't experienced Don Quixote in English until you've read this masterful translation.This P.S. edition features an extra 16 pages of insights into the book, including author interviews, recommended reading, and more.
One of the most influential books of all time, The Analects of Confucius collects the sayings and wisdom of the Chinese philosopher and his followers. Still as relevant today as they were over two thousand years ago, these teachings together present a moral code that values virtue above all, and make up the core values of the Confucian tradition. This edition includes a full introduction that gives the social and political background of the ancient work, analyses of key terms in Chinese thought, and a careful study of the history of the book and its interpretations. There are also full notes illuminating the references to contemporary events and clarifying obscure passages. An essential work of literature and philosophy, The Analects of Confucius has shaped generations of readers around the world.
Applying his controversial theory of evolution to the origins of the human species, Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man was the culmination of his life's work. This Penguin Classics edition is edited with an introduction by James Moore and Adrian Desmond.In The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin refused to discuss human evolution, believing the subject too 'surrounded with prejudices'. He had been reworking his notes since the 1830s, but only with trepidation did he finally publish The Descent of Man in 1871. The book notoriously put apes in our family tree and made the races one family, diversified by 'sexual selection' - Darwin's provocative theory that female choice among competing males leads to diverging racial characteristics. Named by Sigmund Freud as 'one of the ten most significant books' ever written, Darwin's Descent of Man continues to shape the way we think about what it is that makes us uniquely human.In their introduction, James Moore and Adrian Desmond, acclaimed biographers of Charles Darwin, call for a radical re-assessment of the book, arguing that its core ideas on race were fired by Darwin's hatred of slavery. The text is the second and definitive edition and this volume also contains suggestions for further reading, a chronology and biographical sketches of prominent individuals mentioned.Charles Darwin (1809-82), a Victorian scientist and naturalist, has become one of the most famous figures of science to date. The advent of On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859 challenged and contradicted all contemporary biological and religious beliefs. 2ff7e9595c
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